Choju jinbutsu giga (literally means “Animal-person Caricatures”), commonly shortened to Choju giga (literally “Animal Caricatures”), is a set of four picture scrolls, or emakimono, belonging to Kōzan temple in Kyoto, Japan. The Choju jinbutsu giga scrolls are also referred to as Scrolls of Frolicking Animals and Humans and Scrolls of Frolicking Animals in English.
The first and second scrolls of Choju jinbutsu giga are usually thought to have been painted in the mid-12th century, whereas the third and fourth scrolls may date in the 13th century. They seemed to be writtten by several artists. Choju jinbutsu giga is frequently described as the first manga (Japanese-style commics or graphic novels) in Japan. Manga and anime (Japanese animation) are deeply ingrained in Japanese society.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dj%C5%AB-jinbutsu-giga
https://www.mlit.go.jp/tagengo-db/en/R1-00419.html
https://kyoto-kosanji.jp/en/treasure/06/; (In Japanese) https://kosanji.com/chojujinbutsugiga/
Anime and manga: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime_and_manga; https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2070.html; https://www.japantravelpros.com/blog/japan-travel-anime-manga; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_manga
Also, please refer to the article of Enjoy Pop Art in Yamanashi on August 24, 2025: https://yamanashietsuo.net/enjoy-pop-art-in-yamanashi/